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- SCIENCE, Page 73To the South Pole by Sled
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- Six explorers try to cross Antarctica -- the hard way
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- By Anastasia Toufexis/Reported by Andrea Dorfman/New York
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- "Here we are! Hooray!" Those were modest words for a
- momentous achievement. They came in a radio message from a
- six-man team of adventurers and scientists that reached the
- South Pole last week after a 3,213-km (1,992-mile) trek across
- Antarctica by dogsled. The expedition was the first to reach the
- pole by dogsled since Roald Amundsen beat Robert Scott there 78
- years ago. But impressive as the feat is, it marks only the
- midpoint of an even more ambitious journey: a 6,450-km
- (4,000-mile) campaign that would be the first dogsled trip
- across the entire frozen continent.
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- The seven-month, $11 million Trans-Antarctica Expedition
- was conceived by wilderness lovers Will Steger, 45, a Minnesotan
- who earlier led a historic dogsled trek to the North Pole, and
- Jean-Louis Etienne, 43, a French physician. Their purpose was
- to draw attention to the increasingly endangered continent and
- to foster the international cooperation that can preserve it.
- The team, whose other members come from the Soviet Union, China,
- Japan and Britain, is conducting a variety of studies. Among
- them: recording ozone levels, air temperatures and wind speeds,
- and taking samples of snow that will be analyzed for pollutants.
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- Still, it is the classic clash of man against nature that
- has inspired the most interest. The journey began smoothly on
- July 27, when the six explorers, 36 dogs and three sleds, each
- loaded with nearly 450 kg (1,000 lbs.) of food and gear, left
- the base of the Seal Nunataks mountains and started gliding
- across the Antarctic Peninsula. But Antarctica's ferocity proved
- to be stunning. Although it is now summer there, windblown snow
- has produced near-zero visibility, and frozen drifts have
- periodically caused the heavily laden sleds to tip over.
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- In September a blizzard with winds of up to 160 kph (100
- m.p.h.), temperatures as low as -43 degrees C (-45 degrees F)
- and wind chill of -79 degrees C (-110 degrees F) kept the team
- tent-bound for 13 days. Said Steger when he reached the Patriot
- Hills campsite in early November: "There were some pretty black
- moments when I could see the desperation of other explorers
- like Scott." The British adventurer and his party perished of
- cold and hunger after reaching the South Pole.
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- Steger's expedition has been better supplied than Scott's
- was. Fuel and food have been stashed at prearranged sites along
- the expedition's route. Each man wears 4.5 kg (10 lbs.) of
- insulated clothing and consumes daily some 1,030 g (36 oz.) of
- a high-energy diet (5,000 calories are needed just to maintain
- weight).
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- The dogs are well protected too. Bred by Steger, they are
- hybrids of Siberian husky, malamute and timber wolf. They are
- fed a high-protein diet and are outfitted with jackets and
- booties. Even so, the journey has been brutal for the animals.
- Fifteen of them became so exhausted that they had to be
- airlifted out temporarily to Patriot Hills. One of Steger's
- favorites, an eight-year-old named Tim who had gone with him to
- the North Pole, died during the blizzard.
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- The latest threat to the expedition came when lack of fuel
- grounded the plane that was supposed to drop food for the next
- leg of the journey. But the Soviets came up with a solution:
- they sold the team 12 tons of fuel from their South Pole depot.
- From the pole, the explorers plan to tramp 1,210 km (750 miles)
- to the Soviet scientific base at Vostok. That will take them
- through a zone never before crossed on foot and known as the
- Area of Inaccessibility.
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- As the team members packed up for the second half of the
- campaign, their most pressing concern was time: they have
- fallen ten days behind schedule. They must reach their final
- destination, the coastal Soviet station at Mirnyy, by early
- March, or they will have to stay there through Antarctica's
- fearsome winter.
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